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Shloka:
श्रीभगवानुवाच-
प्रजहाति यदा कामान्सर्वान्पार्थ मनोगतान् ।
आत्मन्येवात्मना तुष्टः स्थितप्रज्ञस्तदोच्यते ॥
Step 1: संधि विच्छेद
Simplifying the Shloka by splitting the compound words (shown in colored fonts).
प्रजहाति यदा कामान् सर्वान् पार्थ मनोगतान् ।
आत्मनि एव आत्मना तुष्टः स्थितप्रज्ञः तदा उच्यते ॥
The following sandhis are seen in this Shloka.
नि + ए = न्ये
व + आ = वा
ज्ञः + त = ज्ञस्त
दा + उ = दो
There are two Sandhis each in two words of the Shloka. Totally four Sandhis are present in the Shloka.
Step 2: Word by word interpretation
The first line of the Shloka has the verb ‘प्रजहाति’ having an implied 3rd person as a subject. The second line has the verb ‘उच्यते’ having ‘स्थितप्रज्ञः’ as its subject.
With this background, let’s have a closer look at each word in the Shloka.
प्रजहाति – The root word is the verb ‘हा’ prefixed by प्र – the meaning of the verb is ‘to give up’ in English and ‘त्याग करना’ in Hindi.
The verb is a Class-3 verb and is in the ‘लट् लकार’ or present tense. The 3rd Person, singular form is applied. The Dhatu Roop are as follows:
| जहाति | जहीतः जहितः | जहति |
यदा – An Avyaya meaning ‘when’ in English and ‘जब’ in Hindi.
कामान् – Object of the verb ‘प्रजहाति’ and hence the 2nd Vibhakti is applied. The meaning of the word is ‘desires’ in English and ‘कामनाएं’ in Hindi. The root word is the masculine gender word ‘काम’ and hence the Shabd Roop will be like ‘बाल’ in the plural form.
| बालम् | बालौ | बालान् |
सर्वान् – Root word is ‘सर्व’ meaning ‘all’ in English and ‘सब’ in Hindi. Since the word is an adjective of ‘कामान्’ the same Vibhakti, gender and vachan shall apply. The Shabd Roop will be like ‘बाल’, which are already provided earlier.
पार्थ – Another name of Arjuna, used as Sambodhan form to address Arjuna.
मनोगतान् – Root word is ‘मनोगत’ meaning ‘which comes to mind’ in English and ‘मन में आई ‘ in Hindi. Since the word is an adjective of ‘कामान्’ the same Vibhakti, gender and vachan shall apply. The Shabd Roop will be like ‘बाल’, which are already provided earlier.
Along with the related adjectives and noun, the complete phrase कामान् सर्वान् मनोगतान् means ‘all the desires that come to mind’.
आत्मनि – Root word is the masculine gender word ‘आत्मन्’, meaning ‘soul’ or ‘one’s own self’ in English. The 7th Vibhakti, in Singular form is applied here indicating the use of preposition. Hence the word means ‘in one’s own self’ in English and ‘अपने आप में’ in Hindi.
The Shabd Roop are as follows:
| आत्मनि | आत्मनोः | आत्मसु |
एव – An Avyaya meaning ‘ही’ in Hindi and ‘only’ in English.
आत्मना – Again the root word is the masculine gender word ‘आत्मन्’, meaning ‘soul’ or ‘one’s own self’ in English. The 3rd Vibhakti, in Singular form is applied here indicating the use of the word ‘by’. Hence the word means ‘by one’s own self’ in English and ‘अपने आप से’ in Hindi.
The Shabd Roop are as follows:
| आत्मना | आत्मभ्याम् | आत्मभिः |
तुष्टः – Masculine gender noun in 1st Vibhakti, singular form meaning ‘satisfied’ in English and ‘संतुष्ट’ in Hindi. The root word is तुष्ट and the Shand Roop will be similar to ‘बाल’. The 1st Vibhakti, singular form is applicable as the word is a subject of an implied verb ‘भवति’.
This shloka is describing what a ‘स्थितप्रज्ञ’ person is, and the Shloka is implicitly talking of such a person. The word तुष्टः in that case becomes an adjective to the स्थितप्रज्ञ person in the Shloka.
The Shabd Roop will be as follows:
| बालः | बालौ | बालाः |
स्थितप्रज्ञः – Again the word is in 1st Vibhakti, singular form. The root word is ‘स्थितप्रज्ञ’ meaning ‘a person settled in mind and meditation’. The word is an adjective of an implicit ‘सः’ (meaning in this sense उसको in Hindi and “him” in English.)
Strictly speaking this word is a कर्म and not a कर्ता, but still the 1st Vibhakti form applies as the verb ‘उच्यते’ is in कर्मणि form. कर्मणि forms are like passive voice, and while in English we say the object becomes a subject in passive voice, a similar concept is applicable in Sanskrit by letting the कर्म take the 1st Vibhakti instead of the usual 2nd Vibhakti.
The Shabd roop will be same as ‘बाल’ and as the same has been reproduced above, it is not being repeated again.
तदा – An Avyaya meaning ‘then’ in English and ‘तब’ in Hindi. Generally always accompanies the word ‘यदा’
उच्यते – Root word is the verb ‘वच्’, meaning “to say” in English or ‘कहना’ in Hindi, and it is in the लट् लकार, 3rd Person, singular case. The verb as mentioned earlier is in कर्मणि form.
The Dhatu Roop are as follows:
| उच्यते | उच्येते | उच्यन्ते |
Step 3: Rearrangement of the Shloka & Stitching it all together
The rearranged and translated lines for interpretation as per the sequence of Hindi language are as follows.
| पार्थ यदा सर्वान् मनोगतान् कामान् प्रजहाति आत्मनि आत्मना एव तुष्टः (भवति) तदा (सः) स्थितप्रज्ञः उच्यते ॥ | हे पार्थ ! जब (कोई) सभी मन में आती कामनाओं को त्याग देता है (और) अपने आप में ही संतुष्ट (होता है) तब (उसको) स्थितप्रज्ञ कहते हैं |
Notice in the Hindi translation we are using उसको which should ordinarily have traslated into 2nd Vibhakti, but in the Sanskrit form the 1st Vibhakti is applied as the verb is in the कर्मणि form .
Apart from this, the Hindi translations are quite easy to follow for this Shloka.
In English the translations will be as follows:
| पार्थ यदा प्रजहाति सर्वान् कामान् मनोगतान् (भवति) तुष्टः आत्मनि आत्मना एव तदा (सः) उच्यते स्थितप्रज्ञः | Oh Parth! When (someone) lets go off all wishes coming in the mind (and) (is) satisfied with oneself only then (he) is called steady of mind! |
The English translations are also simple to follow. To represent उच्यते correctly, passive voice has been used.
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