Chapter 02 – Shloka 57

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Shloka: 

यः सर्वत्रानभिस्नेहस्तत्तत्प्राप्य शुभाशुभम् ।
नाभिनन्दति न द्वेष्टि तस्य प्रज्ञा प्रतिष्ठिता ॥

Step 1: संधि विच्छेद

Simplifying the Shloka by splitting the compound words (shown in colored fonts).

यः सर्वत्र अनभिस्नेहः तत् तत् प्राप्य शुभ-अशुभम् ।
न अभिनन्दति न द्वेष्टि तस्य प्रज्ञा प्रतिष्ठिता ॥

The following sandhis are seen in this Shloka.

त्र + अ = त्रा

हः + त = हस्त

भ + अ = भा

न + अ = ना

There are four Sandhis in three words of the Shloka which are shown above.

Step 2: Word by word interpretation

The first line of the Shloka has a verb like Avyaya ‘प्राप्य’ having ‘यः’ as a subject.

The second line has ‘अभिनन्दति’ and ‘द्वेष्टि’ as verbs having an implied ‘सः’ as its subject.

With this background, let’s have a closer look at each word in the Shloka.

यः – Pronoun in 1st Vibhakti, singular form of masculine gender root word ‘यद्’ meaning ‘the one who’ in English and ‘जो’ in Hindi.

The 1st Vibhakti indicates a sense of being a subject and so the word in this Vibhakti becomes the subject to the verb ‘प्राप्य’.

The Shabd Roop will be as follows:

यः

यौ

ये

सर्वत्र – An Avyaya meaning ‘everywhere’ in English.

अनभिस्नेहः – 1st Vibhakti, singular form of masculine gender root word ‘अनभिस्नेह‘ meaning ‘without attachment’ in English and ‘आसक्तिरहित’ in Hindi.

The word is an adjective of the pronoun ‘यः’ and hence takes the same Vibhakti, gender and number as the noun.

The Shabd Roop will be like ‘बाल’ and are as follows:

बालः

बालौ

बालाः

तत् तत् – 2nd Vibhakti, singular form of neuter gender pronoun ‘तद्’ meaning ‘that’ in English and ‘वह’ in Hindi. The pronoun is pointing to शुभ-अशुभम्  and hence takes the same Vibhakti, gender and number.

Literally this will translate as ‘that that’, which looks like an idiomatic usage which could loosely be translated as ‘this and that’ in English and ‘यह और वह’ in Hindi.

The Shabd Roop will as follows:

तत्

ते

तानि

प्राप्य – An Avyaya playing the role of verb in this case. The meaning of the word is ‘having gained’ in English and ‘प्राप्त करके’ in Hindi.

This is a case of ल्यप प्रत्यय and like the त्वा प्रत्यय, the ल्यप प्रत्यय also conveys the sense of having completed the action of the verb.

शुभ-अशुभम् – 2nd Vibhakti, singular form in neuter gender meaning ‘good & bad’ in English and ‘अच्छा बुरा’ in Hindi.

The 2nd Vibhakti indicates the word is an object of the verb प्राप्य.

The Shabd Roop will be like ‘फल’ and are as follows:

फलम्

फले

फलानि

न – An Avyaya meaning ‘no’ in English.

अभिनन्दति – Root word is the verb ‘नन्द्’ with अभि as a prefix, meaning ‘rejoice’ in English or ‘हर्षित’ in Hindi, and it is in the लट् लकार, 3rd Person, singular case.

The Dhatu Roop will be like ‘पठ्’ are as follows:

पठति

पठतः

पठन्ति

द्वेष्टि – Root word is the verb ‘द्विष्’, meaning ‘hate’ in English or ‘घृणा’ in Hindi, and it is a Class 2 verb in the लट् लकार, 3rd Person, singular case.

The Dhatu Roop will be as follows:

द्वेष्टि

द्विष्टः

द्विषन्ति

तस्य  – 6th Vibhakti, singular form of masculine gender pronoun ‘तद्’ meaning ‘he’ in English and ‘उस’ in Hindi.

The 6th Vibhakti indicates a sense of adding an apostophe ‘s’ to a noun, but since we have pronoun here, the word in this Vibhakti means ‘his’ in English and ‘उसका’ in Hindi.

The Shabd Roop will be as follows:

तस्य

तयोः

तेषाम्

प्रज्ञा – 1st Vibhakti, singular form of feminine gender root word ‘ प्रज्ञा‘ meaning ‘knowledge’ in English and ‘ज्ञान’ in Hindi.

The 1st Vibhakti indicates the word is a subject of a verb and in this case the verb is an implied ”.

The Shabd Roop will be like ‘लता’ and are as follows:

लता

लते

लताः

प्रतिष्ठिता – The word is an adjective of the noun ‘प्रज्ञा‘ and hence takes the same Vibhakti, gender and number as the noun. The meaning of the word is ‘स्थिर‘ in Hindi and ‘stable’ in English.

The Shabd Roop will be like ‘लता’ and are not reproduced again

Step 3: Rearrangement of the Shloka & Stitching it all together

The rearranged and translated lines for interpretation as per the sequence of Hindi language are as follows.

यः तत् तत् शुभ-अशुभम्  प्राप्य सर्वत्र अनभिस्नेहः  न अभिनन्दति न द्वेष्टि तस्य प्रज्ञा प्रतिष्ठिता ॥

जो यह, वह, शुभ, अशुभ प्राप्त करके (भी) सब तरह से आसक्तिरहित (होता है) न हर्ष न घृणा (करता है) उसका ज्ञान स्थिर (है)

Notice तत् तत्  is not translated literally as it would not make sense in Hindi. Like the previous Shloka, here also a verb ‘होता है’ has been added in Hindi, such a construct is not necessary in Sanskrit as the adjective अनभिस्नेहः is already linked to the pronoun यः through the same Vibhakti, gender and number.

In English the translations will be as follows:

प्राप्य तत् तत् शुभ-अशुभम् यः   सर्वत्र अनभिस्नेहः  न अभिनन्दति न द्वेष्टि तस्य प्रज्ञा प्रतिष्ठिता ॥

Having gained this and that, pleasant and unpleasant the one who (is) in all ways unattached, neither rejoicing, nor hating – his knowledge is stable

In the English translations also, तत् तत्  is not translated literally as it would not make sense. As in Hindi, here also a verb ‘is’ has been added in first line, such a construct is not necessary in Sanskrit as the adjective अनभिस्नेहः is already linked to the pronoun यः through the same Vibhakti, gender and number.