Want to start from first Shloka? – Click Here
Shloka:
श्रुतिविप्रतिपन्ना ते यदा स्थास्यति निश्चला ।
समाधावचला बुद्धिस्तदा योगमवाप्स्यसि ॥
Step 1: संधि विच्छेद
Simplifying the Shloka by splitting the compound words (shown in colored fonts).
श्रुतिविप्रतिपन्ना ते यदा स्थास्यति निश्चला ।
समाधौ अचला बुद्धिः तदा योगम् अवाप्स्यसि ॥
The following sandhis are seen in this Shloka.
धौ + अ = धाव
द्धिः + त = द्धिस्त
म् + अ = म
All the Sandhis are trivial Sandhis in this Shloka, therefore no further explanation is given.
Step 2: Word by word interpretation
The first line of the Shloka has a verb ‘स्थास्यति’ having ‘बुद्धिः’ as its subject. The second line has the verb ‘अवाप्स्यसि’ having ‘त्वं’ as its implicit subject.
With this background, let’s have a closer look at each word in the Shloka.
श्रुतिविप्रतिपन्ना – Adjective of बुद्धि and hence the same Vibhakti, gender and vachan are applicable. The meaning of the word is ‘distracted by Vedas’ in English and ‘वेद से विचलित’ in Hindi.
The word ‘श्रुति’ is used for Vedas here – श्रुति generally means that which has been heard directly – or revealed, and Vedas come under that category. Traditionally it is believed Vedas have no author, they were revealed directly. Why should the mind be distracted by Vedas? My guess is that Lord Krishna in this Shloka refers to the ‘कर्म काण्ड’ or the ritualistic aspect of Vedas which prescribe various sacrifices to gain specific results.
The 1st Vibhakti, feminine gender, singular form is applicable as the word is an adjective of ‘बुद्धिः’. Shabd Roop will be like ‘लता’
| लता | लते | लताः |
ते – 6th Vibhakti, singular form of the 2nd person pronoun ‘युष्मद्’ – in the 6th Vibhakti the word would mean ‘your’ in English and ‘तुम्हारा / तुम्हारी’ in Hindi.
The Shabd Roop will be as follows:
| तव, ते | युवयोः, वाम् | युष्माकम्, वः |
यदा – An Avyaya meaning ‘when’ in English and ‘जब’ in Hindi. We encountered the same word is previous Shloka also.
स्थास्यति – The root word is the Dhatu ‘स्था’ meaning ‘stay’ in English. The 3rd Person, singular form of future tense (‘लृट् लकार’) is used. The Dhatu Roop will be as follows:
| स्थास्यति | स्थास्यतः | स्थास्यन्ति |
निश्चला – An adjective of ‘बुद्धिः’ and hence takes the same Vibhakti, Vachan and gender as the noun. The meaning of the word is ‘stable’ in English. Hindi translation is not required as the same word exists in Hindi as well. The Shabd Roop will be like ‘लता’ and the 1st Vibhakti, singular form is applicable.
| लता | लते | लताः |
समाधौ – The root word is ‘समाधि’ and this is the 7th Vibhakti of the feminine gender word. The 7th Vibhakti lends the sense of preposition to the noun and hence the word means ‘in samadhi’ or ‘in meditation’ in English. In Hindi the word means ‘समाधि में’.
The Shabd Roop will be like ‘मति’
| मतौ, मत्याम् | मत्योः | मतिषु |
अचला – Again an adjective of ‘बुद्धिः’ and hence the same Vibhakti, vachan and gender applies to the word. Shabd Roop are identical to निश्चला. The meaning of the word is ‘firm’ in English. The Hindi meaning is not required as the word exists in Hindi as well.
बुद्धिः – Subject of the verb ‘स्थास्यति’ and hence 1st Vibhakti is applicable. Additionally, the feminine gender and singular form is used. The meaning of the word is ‘intelligence’ in English. The Shabd Roop will be like ‘मति’
| मतिः | मती | मतयः |
तदा – An Avyaya meaning ‘then’ in English and ‘तब’ in Hindi. We encountered the same word is previous Shloka also. This word generally accompanies ‘यदा’.
योगम् – Object of the verb ‘अवाप्स्यसि’ and hence the 2nd Vibhakti is applied. The Shabd Roop will be like ‘बाल’.
| बालम् | बालौ | बालान् |
अवाप्स्यसि – The root word is the verb ‘आप्’ with the prefix ‘अव’, the meaning of the verb is ‘to gain’. The future tense (‘लृट् लकार’) 2nd person, singular form is used. As the 2nd person singular form is used, the subject is known to be ‘त्वम्’ even though it is not explicitly mentioned.
The Dhatu Roop will be as follows:
| आप्स्यसि | आप्स्यथः | आप्स्यथ |
Step 3: Rearrangement of the Shloka & Stitching it all together
The rearranged and translated lines for interpretation as per the sequence of Hindi language are as follows.
|
|
The phrase ‘हो जायगी’ is used for ‘स्थास्यति ‘ which is not very accurate. The exact meaning of the verb is ‘स्थित हो जायगी’, but in this usage it doesn’t fit well in the Hindi translation.
In English the translations will be as follows:
|
|
The future tense ‘will settle’ is interspersed with the phrase ‘in meditation’ to account for the preposition kind of usage of समाधौ. Otherwise, the translation is quite accurate syntactically.
Learning Sanskrit through Geeta 