Shloka:
कर्मजं बुद्धियुक्ता हि फलं त्यक्त्वा मनीषिणः ।
जन्मबन्धविनिर्मुक्ताः पदं गच्छन्त्यनामयम् ॥
Step 1: संधि विच्छेद
Simplifying the Shloka by splitting the compound words (shown in colored fonts).
कर्मजम् बुद्धियुक्ताः हि फलम् त्यक्त्वा मनीषिणः ।
जन्मबन्धविनिर्मुक्ताः पदम् गच्छन्ति अनामयम् ॥
The following sandhis are seen in this Shloka.
न्ति + अ = न्त्य
Only one Sandhi in this Shloka.
Step 2: Word by word interpretation
The first line of the Shloka has a verb like construct ‘त्यक्त्वा’ having ‘मनीषिणः’ as its subject. The second line has the verb गच्छन्ति having ‘जन्मबन्धविनिर्मुक्ताः’ as its subject.
With this background, let’s have a closer look at each word in the Shloka.
कर्मजम् – Adjective to फलम् and hence takes the same Vibhakti, Vachan and gender as the word it describes.
The meaning of the word is ‘born of action’ in English and ‘कर्म से जन्मा’ in Hindi.
The Shabd Roop will be like the neuter gender ‘फल’ and the 2nd Vibhakti, singular form is applicable.
| फलम् | फले | फलानि |
बुद्धियुक्ताः – We have already encountered this word multiple times meaning literally ‘endowed with Yogic intelligence’ or ‘equanimity’ in English, the word ‘yogic’ getting a context from previous Shlokas. In Hindi the word means ‘योग बुद्धि से युक्त’
The word is an adjective of मनीषिणः and hence the first Vibhaklti, plural form applies to the masculine gender word. The Shabd Roop will be like ‘बाल’
| बालः | बालौ | बालाः |
हि – An Avyaya meaning ‘ही’ in Hindi.
फलम् – Object of the verb like word ‘त्यक्त्वा’ and hence the word is in 2nd Vibhakti. The singular form in neuter gender is used. The meaning of the word is ‘result’ in English.
The Shabd Roop will be as follows:
| फलम् | फले | फलानि |
त्यक्त्वा – This is a case of ‘त्वा’ Pratyaya being used, which indicates ‘having done the action’. In this case, the word means ‘having renounced’ in English and ‘त्याग कर’ in Hindi. The word plays the role of a verb.
मनीषिणः – The word is the subject of the verb like word त्यक्त्वा and hence the 1st Vibhakti, plural form is applicable. The root word is the masculine gender word ‘मनीषिन्’ and the meaning of the word is ‘wise men’ in English and ‘पंडितों’ in Hindi.
The Shabd Roop will be as follows:
| मनीषी | मनीषिणौ | मनीषिणः |
जन्मबन्धविनिर्मुक्ताः – Subject of the verb ‘गच्छन्ति’ and hence the 1st Vibhakt is applicable. The meaning of the word is ‘one who is free from shackles of birth’ in English and ‘जन्म के बंधन से मुक्त मनुष्य’. Additionally, plural form and masculine gender are also applied. The Shabd Roop will be like ‘बाल’ and since the Shabd Roop in the same Vibhakti for the same word is already provided in this Shloka, it is not being reproduced here again.
पदम् – Root word is पद and since the word is an object of ‘गच्छन्ति’, 2nd Vibhakti is applicable. The meaning of the word is ‘end’ in English. The Shabd Roop will be like the neuter gendered word ‘फल’ and since the Shabd Roop in the same Vibhakti for the same word is already provided in this Shloka, it is not being reproduced here again.
गच्छन्ति – 3rd Person, plural form of the ‘गम्’ Dhatu in लट् लकार or present tense. The meaning of the word is ‘go’ in English and ‘जाओ’ in Hindi. The Dhatu Roop are as follows:
| गच्छति | गच्छतः | गच्छन्ति |
अनामयम् – Adjective of the neuter gender word पदम् and hence the same Vibhakti, gender and vachan shall be applicable. The root word is ‘अनामय’ and the Shabd Roop will be like ‘बाल’ and since the Shabd Roop in the same Vibhakti for the same word is already provided in this Shloka, it is not being reproduced here again. The meaning of the word is ‘free of sufferings’.
Step 3: Rearrangement of the Shloka & Stitching it all together
The rearranged and translated lines for interpretation as per the sequence of Hindi language are as follows.
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In English the translations will be as follows:
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Hindi translation could be done better but for the sake syntactic equivalence, the meaning looks contrived.
Learning Sanskrit through Geeta 