Chapter 02 – Shloka 50

Shloka: 

बुद्धियुक्तो जहातीह उभे सुकृतदुष्कृते ।
तस्माद्योगाय युज्यस्व योगः कर्मसु कौशलम् ॥

Step 1: संधि विच्छेद

Simplifying the Shloka by splitting the compound words (shown in colored fonts).

बुद्धियुक्तः जहाति इह उभे सुकृतदुष्कृते ।
तस्मात् योगाय युज्यस्व योगः कर्मसु कौशलम् ॥

The following sandhis are seen in this Shloka.

ति + इ = ती

त्  + यो = द्यो

These are trivial Sandhis and no further explanation is being given.

Step 2: Word by word interpretation

The first line of the Shloka has a verb ‘जहाति’ having ‘बुद्धियुक्तः’ as its subject. The second line has two verbs, the first one being युज्यस्व having an implicit त्वम् as its subject. The second verb is an implicit अस्ति having योगः as its subject.

With this background, let’s have a closer look at each word in the Shloka.

 

बुद्धियुक्तः – The word means ‘endowed with (Yogic) intelligence’ – though only the word बुद्धि is used which means ‘intelligence’, the context is continuing from  the previous Shloka and hence this can be termed as ‘Yogic intelligence’ or ‘equanimity’. In Hindi it means ‘योग बुद्धि से युक्त’

The word is in 1st Vibhakti, being the subject of the verb ‘जहाति’ and the Shabd Roop will be like ‘बाल’

बालः

बालौ

बालाः

जहाति – The root word is the Class 3 verb ‘हा’ meaning ‘to give up’ in English and ‘त्याग करना’ in Hindi. The word is in ‘लट् लकार’, 3rd person, singular form. The Dhatu Roop are as follows: 

जहाति

जहीतः जहितः

जहति

इह – An Avyaya meaning ‘here’ in English and ‘यहाँ’ in Hindi

उभे – Adjective to सुकृतदुष्कृते  and hence it takes the same form as the word it describes. The meaning of the word is ‘both’ and hence the dual form of 2nd Vibhakti applies. The Shabd Roop are like the neuter gender word ‘फल’

फलम्

फले

फलानि

सुकृतदुष्कृते – A conjugate formed of two words सुकृत and दुष्कृत meaning ‘good deeds’ and ‘bad deeds’ in English. Since it is a composite of two words, the dual form of 2nd Vibhakti shall apply and the Shabd Roop will be like the neuter gender word ‘फल’ – the Shabd Roop are already given above.

तस्मात् – 5th Vibhakti of the neuter gender word ‘तद्’ literally meaning ‘from that’ in English and ‘उस से’ in Hindi but a better translation in this sense is ‘therefore’ in English and ‘इस लिए’ in Hindi.

योगाय – 4th Vibhakti of the masculine gender word ‘योग’ meaning ‘for Yoga’ or ‘towards Yoga’ in this particular usage of the word in the Shloka.  In Hindi this will mean ‘योग के लिए’. The Shabd Roop will be like ‘बाल’ and are as follows:

बालाय

बालाभ्याम्

बालेभ्यः

युज्यस्व – The word is a 2nd Person singular form of the root verb ‘युज्’ – meaning ‘ to become committed’ – note that the verb is in the 2nd Person form and hence the subject ‘त्वं’ is implicit in this Shloka. The लोट् लकार is used for the verb which is generally used for ‘instruction or permission’. Moreover the Atmanepade forms are applied here.

The Dhatu Roop will be as follows:

यूज्यस्व

यूज्येथाम्

यूज्यध्वम्

योगः – 1st Vibhakti of the root word ‘योग’ – the word is a subject of the implicit verb ‘अस्ति’. Shabd Roop will be like ‘बाल’ and as this form is already given in this Shloka, we are not reproducing the same again.

कर्मसु – 7th Vibhakti plural form of the neuter gendered root word ‘कर्मन्’ meaning ‘karma’. and in the specific context means ‘in karma’ in English and ‘कर्मो में’ in Hindi.

The Shabd Roop will be as follows:

कर्मणि

कर्मणोः

कर्मसु

कौशलम् – The word looks to be an adjective of योगः – but the gender is not matching. This seems to very similar to the example we encountered in the 48th Shloka where we encountered the phrase समत्वं योगः उच्यते and both समत्वं and योगः belonged to different gender. The same seems to be the case here, and if we understand this correctly, this kind of anomaly is permitted when the adjective does not exist in the exact gender as the noun it describes.

The meaning of the word is ‘excellence’ and its Shabd Roop will be like ‘फल’ in the 1st Vibhakti.

फलम्

फले

फलानि

Step 3: Rearrangement of the Shloka & Stitching it all together

The rearranged and translated lines for interpretation as per the sequence of Hindi language are as follows.

(योग) बुद्धियुक्तः इह सुकृतदुष्कृते उभे जहाति   तस्मात् (त्वम्) योगाय युज्यस्व   कर्मसु कौशलम् (एव) योगः (अस्ति)

(योग) बुद्धि युक्त (मनुष्य) यहाँ सुकर्म और दुष्कर्म दोनों को त्याग देता हैं  इसलिए (तुम) योग के लिए समर्पित हो जाओ   कर्मो में कुशलता (ही) योग (है)

In English the translations will be as follows:

इह (योग) बुद्धियुक्तः जहाति उभे सुकृतदुष्कृते     तस्मात् युज्यस्व योगाय   कौशलम् कर्मसु (अस्ति) योगः

Here a man endowed with equanimity renounces both good & bad deeds Therefore commit yourself to Yoga Excellence in actions (is) Yoga.

Both translations are fairly simple and there shouldn’t be much doubt.