Shloka:
न हि प्रपश्यामि ममापनुद्याद्
यच्छोकमुच्छोषणमिन्द्रियाणाम् ।
अवाप्य भूमावसपत्नमृद्धं
राज्यं सुराणामपि चाधिपत्यम् ॥
Step 1: संधि विच्छेद
Simplifying the Shloka by splitting the compound words (shown in colored fonts).
न हि प्रपश्यामि मम अपनुद्यात्
यत् शोकम् उच्छोषणम् इन्द्रियाणाम् ।
अवाप्य भूमौ असपत्नम् ऋद्धम्
राज्यम् सुराणाम् अपि च आधिपत्यम् ॥
The following Sandhis are seen here
म + अ = मा
त् + शो = च्छो
म् + उ = मु
म् + इ = मि
मौ + अ = माव
म् + अ = म
च + आ = चा
Reader may recognize most of these forms have been encountered earlier.
Step 2: Word by word interpretation
This Shloka has the following verbs / verb like forms:
- प्रपश्यामि – A verb in present tense of which the subject is an implied pronoun “that” or ‘तत्’
- अपनुद्यात् – A verb that has its object as ‘शोकम्’
- अवाप्य – A verb with ल्यप् प्रत्यय having राज्यम् and आधिपत्यम् as its objects.
There is some confusion regarding whose object शोकम् is – apparently the word is in Masculine gender and hence it is clearly a case of 2nd Vibhakti being applied. Could also be an object of प्रपश्यामि
I will let the pundits address this doubt!
With this background, let’s have a closer look at each word in the Shloka.
न – An Avyaya meaning “No” in English
हि – An Avyaya meaning ‘ही’ in Hindi and “only” in English
प्रपश्यामि – लट् लकार or Present Tense, 1st Person form of the root verb ‘दृश्‘ meaning “to see”. Since this verb is referred to Arjuna himself, the 1st Person form is used here. the Prefix ‘प्र’ is added to this form.
The Dhatu Roop will be as follows:
| पश्यामि | पश्यावः | पश्यामः |
मम – 6th Vibhakti, Singular form of 1st Person Pronoun ‘अस्मद्’. The 6th Vibhakti is related to showing ownership or relationship and hence in English this form will mean “my” or “mine”. The equivalent form in Hindi will be ‘मेरा’.
The Shabd Roop will be as follows:
| मम, मे | आवयोः, नौ | अस्माकम्, नः |
अपनुद्यात् – A verb, but I am not too sure of the root verb and form. The word means ‘दूर कर सके’ in Hindi and “drive away” in English.
यत् – An Avyaya meaning ‘जो’ in Hindi and as we have discussed earlier the closest word we have in English for this word is “which” as in the usage “that which has happened”.
शोकम् – Object of the verb ‘अपनुद्यात्’ and so the 2nd Vibhakti, Singular form is applied here. The meaning of the word is “grief” in English.
The Shabd Roop will be like ‘बाल’
| बालम् | बालौ | बालान् |
उच्छोषणम् – An adjective of ‘शोकम्’ meaning “drying up” in English and ‘सूखाने वाला’ in Hindi. Takes the same Vibhakti and Vachan as the noun it is describing.
इन्द्रियाणाम् – The 6th Vibhakti, Plural form of the root word ‘इन्द्रिय’ meaning “senses” in English. The sense conveyed by 6th Vibhakti is that of ‘संबन्ध का के की’ कारक and hence the meaning of this word is ‘इन्द्रियों के’ in Hindi.
The Shabd Roop will be like ‘फल’ and is shown below:
| फलस्य | फलयोः | फलानाम् |
अवाप्य – This is a case of the ‘ल्यप्’ Pratyaya adding the sense of having done the action of the verb. I am not too sure of the root verb here. The meaning conveyed is ‘प्राप्त करके’ or “having obtained” in English.
भूमौ – The root word is ‘भूमि’ – meaning “earth” – which is a noun of the feminine gender. The 7th Vibhakti, Singular form is applied here. The 7th Vibhakti is indicative of the use of preposition in English and so this form means “on the earth” in English. In Hindi the same form means “भूमि पर’
The Shand Roop will be like ‘मति’
| मतौ, मत्याम् | मत्योः | मतिषु |
असपत्नम् – An adjective of ‘राज्यम्’ and hence takes the same Vibhakti and Vachan as the noun. The meaning of the word is “without enemies” in English and ‘शत्रुविहीन’ in Hindi.
The Shabd Roop will be similar to ‘फल’.
ऋद्धम् – Again an adjective of ‘राज्यम्’ and hence takes the same Vibhakti and Vachan as the noun. The meaning of the word is “prosperous” in English and ‘समृध्द’ in Hindi.
The Shabd Roop will be similar to ‘फल’.
राज्यम् – An object of the verb ‘अवाप्य’ and hence the 2nd Vibhakti, Singular form is applied here. The root word is ‘राज्य’ meaning “kingdom” in English.
The word is in neuter gender and hence the Shabd Roop will be similar to ‘फल’
| फलम् | फले | फलानि |
सुराणाम् – The root word is ‘सुर’ meaning ‘देवता’ in Hindi and “gods” in English. The 6th Vibhakti, Plural form is applied here and so the sense conveyed is ‘देवताओं के’. In English there could be many ways in which the 7th Vibhakti may manifest. In this particular case the sense of the 7th Vibhakti in English is the usage of the word “of”. The meaning of the word in English is therefore “of the gods”.
The Shabd Roop will be similar to ‘बाल’
| बालस्य | बालयोः | बालानाम् |
अपि – An Avyaya meaning ‘चाहे’ in Hindi and “even” in English.
च – Meaning “and”
आधिपत्यम् – An object of the verb ‘अवाप्य’ and hence the 2nd Vibhakti, Singular form is applied here. The root word is ‘आधिपत्य‘ meaning “lordship” in English.
Again this word is also in neuter gender and hence the Shabd Roop will be similar to ‘फल’
Step 3: Rearrangement of the Shloka & Stitching it all together
The rearranged and translated lines for interpretation as per the sequence of Hindi language are as follows. I have added bullets to the translated texts as many times the translated text overflows to the next line, making it difficult to correlate to the corresponding line of the Shloka.
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The rearranged and translated Shloka as per the English Language Syntax is as follows.
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Learning Sanskrit through Geeta 
1. शोकम् is clearly the object of अपनुद्यात् here, as seen from your (correct) translations, right? It does not make any sense as the object of प्रपश्यामि, no? 🙂 Only “drive away sorrow”, and not “don’t see sorrow” fits in the context of this shloka.
2. I am not very sure of अपनुद्यात्. I think it is अप + नुद् (6U) “remove” + विधिलिङ् कर्तरि प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन. Now, with just नुद्, that form according to the inria site would be नुदेत् but with the prefix it probably becomes नुद्यात्. Or maybe नुद्यात् is an alternative form to नुदेत् itself. Maybe an expert can comment, confirm or correct. 🙂
3. The root of अवाप्य is आप् (10U) “get”.
नमोनमः _/|\_ 🙂
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